Image: “Catastrophic childhood experiences,” adapted from Image by Fran Soto from Pixabay, Pixabay Content License

Image: Level 3 icon [adapted], by Us

Image: “The Finland-Russia War. From the refugee camp in Heinola. In order to employ the children, a small provisional school education has been arranged,” by unknown photographer, 13 December 1939, in English Wikimedia … https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Finnish-war-children-siting-in-a-room-142447836975.jpg … public domain … DESCRIPTION: “War children are those born to a native parent and a parent belonging to a foreign military force (usually an occupying force, but also military personnel stationed at military bases on foreign soil). Having a child by a member of a belligerent force, throughout history and across cultures, is often considered a grave betrayal of social values … The discrimination suffered by the native parent and child in the postwar period [the post-World-War-II period in Europe] did not take into account widespread rapes by occupying forces, or the relationships women had to form in order to survive the war years.” … COMMENT: Note the frightened … almost ‘shell-shocked’ looks on the faces of the children.