Category Archives: Protozoa

Toxoplasmosis and Risk-Taking: Suggested Clinical Trials . by Alice B. Clagett

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Written and published on 26 September 2017

  • TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION MAY MAKE HUMANS MORE RISK-TAKING
  • SUGGESTED CLINICAL TRIALS
    • The Risk-Taking Subtype of Antisocial Personality Disorder Patients and Toxoplasmosis
    • Delinquency or HIV / AIDS and Toxoplasmosis
    • Smoking, Alcohol Addiction, or Recreational Drug Addiction and Toxoplasmosis
    • Bad Driving and Toxoplasmosis
  • FUTURE TOXOPLASMOSIS TESTING AND TREATMENT PROGRAMS

Dear Ones,

TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION MAY MAKE HUMANS MORE RISK-TAKING

I was just reading about our commensal micro-organisms, and I found out there’s a Protozoan called Toxoplasma gondii that is found in 22-84 percent of humans. (1)

In the United States, about 11% of the population is infected with Toxoplasma gondii (2), whereas in France, the infection rate is 84%. (3) Incidence is higher in developed countries.

Apparently, infection with this Protozoan makes humans more risk-taking (less risk-averse). (1)

SUGGESTED CLINICAL TRIALS

The Risk-Taking Subtype of Antisocial Personality Disorder Patients and Toxoplasmosis

One subtype of antisocial personalities is ‘risk-taking’ …

Subtype: “Risk-taking antisocial (including histrionic features)”
Features: “Dauntless, venturesome, intrepid, bold, audacious, daring; reckless, foolhardy, heedless; unfazed by hazard; pursues perilous ventures.”

–from Link: “Antisocial Personality Disorder,” in Wikipedia … https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisocial_personality_disorder … WP:CC BY-SA ..

Thus it might be good to run a clinical trial on patients diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder, Subtype Risk-taking to determine the incidence of toxoplasmosis.

Delinquency or HIV / AIDS and Toxoplasmosis

I’ve read that in HIV / AIDS patients, toxoplasmosis can cause serious or even fatal illness. (3)

There is some association of HIV / AIDS infection with delinquency and risk-taking. (4)

For instance, I’ve read that various stages of HIV / AIDS are associated with different levels of risk-taking with regard to the disease. For instance, high risk behaviors precede testing positive. Once there is a positive test, then risk reducing behaviors may take place. If the disease is quiescent, then a patient may, to some extent, resume risk taking behaviors. Then if AIDS is diagnosed, risk reducing behaviors may resume. (5)

If the disease of toxoplasmosis itself contributes to risk taking, and contraction of HIV associates to risk-taking, then there might be a personality trait of risk taking, and a disease producing risk-taking behavior that aggravates the underlying personality trait.

Thus, theoretically, if HIV / AIDS patients also have toxoplasmosis, treatment for toxoplasmosis might prolong their lives by ceasing to aggravate the risk-taking personality trait.

Thus It might be helpful to run a clinical trial on incidence of toxoplasmosis among delinquents, and among HIV / AIDS patients, to see if there is a higher incidence in these populations.

Smoking, Alcohol Addiction, or Recreational Drug Addiction and Toxoplasmosis

It would make sense to run a clinical trial on addicts, whether to nicotene, to alcohol, or to recreational drugs, to determine whether toxoplasmosis plays a role in these risk-taking behaviors.

Bad Drivers and Toxoplasmosis

On the assumption that bad drivers may be people with risk-taking personalities, it might be good to run a clinical trial on this population, to see if toxoplasmosis plays a role in bad driving.

FUTURE TOXOPLASMOSIS TESTING AND TREATMENT PROGRAMS

If any of the above populations turn out to have a higher incidence of toxoplasmosis, then testing and treating them as needed (6) might be undertaken in future.

In love, light and joy,
I Am of the Stars

For a complete list of my blogs and compendiums on HIV / AIDS see … Link: “Compendium: HIV / AIDS Pandemic,” by Alice B. Clagett, published on 2 March 2019 … https://wp.me/p2Rkym-bPl ..

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FOOTNOTES

(1) See Link: “The Organisms That Make Us Who We Are,” in IFLScience … http://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/organisms-make-us-who-we-are/ … see the subheading: “Organisms that Can Alter Your Behavior?”

(2) See Link: “Parasites – Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma infection),” by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) … https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/epi.html ..

(3) See Link: “Toxoplasma gondii” in Wikipedia … https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasma_gondii ..

(4) See Link: “AIDS knowledge, condom attitudes, and risk-taking sexual behavior of substance-abusing juvenile offenders on probation or parole,” by Robertson A …, Levin ML. in AIDS Educ Prev. 1999 Oct;11(5):450-61 … https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10555628 ..

(5) See Link: “Changes in Transmission Risk Behaviors Across Stages of HIV Diseases Among People Living with HIV / AIDS,” by Lisa A. Eaton and Seth C. Kalichman, in J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 Jan 31. Published in final edited form as: J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2009 Jan-Feb; 20(1): 39-49. doi: 10.1016/j.jana.2008.10.005 … https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC35604012/ ..

(6) See … http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toxoplasmosis/diagnosis-treatment/treatment/txc-20338305 ..

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health, psychiatry, psychology, AIDS, bad driving, HIV, antisocial personality disorder, risk-taking, delinquency, HIV/AIDS, smoking, alcohol addiction, recreational drug use, addiction, xoplasma gondii, toxoplasmosis, nicotine, alcohol,

Endosymbiontic Microbial Thought Processes . by Alice B. Clagett

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Written and published on 17 September 2017

  • VIDEO BY ALICE
  • SUMMARY OF THE VIDEO
    • Microbial Clair Chatter Inside Us
    • On Working Clairly with Our Endosymbionts to Uplift Humankind and Optimize World Population
    • On the Benefits of Mutual Accords with Our Commensal Microbes
    • Dirge of the Microorganisms During Human Defecation, Channeled by Alice B. Clagett, Soundtrack and Words
    • Cloned-Individual Consciousness and Clone-Member Loss as a Feature of Bacterial Ethos

Dear Ones,

This is about clairaudiently heard endosymbiontic microbial chatter, and how we can help guide it into channels that may uplift the world and optimize world human population. There is an edited Summary after the video …

VIDEO BY ALICE

SUMMARY OF THE VIDEO

Microbial Clair Chatter Inside Us

You know, these various strains of microorganisms that we have within us, are picking up names for themselves. They are starting to become somewhat sentient … semi-sentient.

And right out front are the Martian bacteria, which are deeper thinkers, and technologically adept.

And then a very happy-go-lucky, or very sad, very emotional being is the yeast Candida.

And then we have ‘terror-on-the-high-seas’: the paramecia.  [laughs]  Apparently, there are no paramecia in the human body. Mostly, they live in stagnant pools of water.

Apparently, the microbes are picking up this process of naming themselves, and naming the other semi-sentient species that inhabit us … our commensal organisms, our endosymbionts.

I am toying with the notion that … because they have done this one their own … they may be inappropriately naming themselves and each other. And that there may be names that we could provide that might be more uplifting and more full of Awareness than the ones that they are using now.

So if you notice your microbes using, over and over again, certain names, and you can get them to agree to try out new names that you feel are more uplifting, that might be one way to help uplift humanity … because, in order for us to be uplifted, all of our dependent species … our endosymbionts … must also be helped to be uplifted as well.

On Working Clairly with Our Endosymbionts to Uplift Humankind and Optimize World Population

I also think that these simple phrases that are being used, in the case of the yeast Candida, could be altered a little bit, in the future, to help the human population adjust itself better than it has in the past …

Just because there is an interdependence between the extremely prolific multiplication ability, and the desire of human beings to also ratchet up on sexual daydreams, and so forth; and these daydreams might lead to action (having sexual intercourse, which might result in population increase). 

So by helping our yeast population ratchet down a little on ‘multiplication’ and ‘arithmetic’ and so forth, we might actually help to tailor the changes in numbers of human beings on Earth.

On the Benefits of Mutual Accords with Our Commensal Microbes

I think we can also help turn the human psyche from negative to positive by making sure that we acknowledge and respect the communications of the semi-sentient and sentient species that we cohabit this human frame with.

We cannot always help them to be happy. For instance, if we were tailoring the yeast population, they might not be happy.

Dirge of the Microorganisms During Human Defecation
Channeled by Alice B. Clagett
Soundtrack and Words
7 September 2017

I was just hearing a kind of a dirge of a lament … like a death song … It is very beautiful, actually. It used a person’s name. We do not know the reason for it; but it could have been defecation on the part of a human (not me, at that time).

Someone inside someone else’s human body was lamenting the loss of the microorganisms that were eliminated from within the human body through excretion. And the sound of the dirge went like this … I will not say the name that they called it, because that is purely arbitrary, based on some thought form of the human, probably. The name was M— D—, but I will say Um Umm instead. It went like this …

Oh, Um Umm, I do love you!    [repeated many times]

 

Cloned-Individual Consciousness and Clone-Member Loss as a Feature of Bacterial Ethos

If this had to do with the Martian bacteria, you know, they are constantly losing a portion of their members through excretion, if they live in the colon. It is a bittersweet kind of thing, because they have a cloned-individual consciousness that continues, even when some of their clone-members are lost.

I was very touched by it, actually. It is a process of grieving that happens to this species … if, in fact, that was this species, and that was what was happening … It happens to them day after day.

So! A racial lament! A beautiful, touching lament for the loss of their cloned brothers and sisters.

In love, light and joy,
I Am of the Stars
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commensals, endosymbionts, clone consciousness, bacteria, yeasts, human population, interspecies communication, microbiology, Martians, commensalism, protozoa, microorganisms,

Paramecium Midwives? . by Alice B. Clagett

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Written and published on 15 September 2017

Dear Ones,

In this video, it looks to me like the asexually reproducing paramecium, which is splitting into two smaller paramecia through a process termed ‘binary fission’, is being midwived by two companion paramecia …

Video: “Paramecium Dividing.ogv,” by Deuterostome, in Wikimedia Commons … https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AParamecium_Dividing.ogv … CC BY-SA 3.0

It looks like they are clearing a space for it, circling round, and nudging it to divide. Can this be? is there a biophotonic stimulus that attracts them? Or might a biophotonic stimulus be their mode of midwifery?

I notice, for instance, in this article …

Blog: “Let There Be Light: Paramecia Communicate With Photons,” by Laura E. Mariani at 3:46 pm on 5 April 2009, in “Neurotypical: The Life and Times of a PhD Student in Neuroscience” … http://lauraemariani.blogspot.com/2009/04/let-there-be-light-paramecia.html ..

… mention of a study showing paramecia can communicate with each other by emitting photons. This had to do with changes in cell division and energy uptake. There was a barrier in place, and the study was done in the dark. Two different types of barrier were used: glass and quartz; these had different light transmission qualities. As different behaviors were observed, the implication is that two or more frequencies of biophotonic transmission are available to paramecia.

The blog goes on to mention a study suggesting that biophotonic communication among onion cells may favorably influence mitosis in onion cells. Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells (including those of animals, plants, and fungi).

This article mentions that biophotonic communications sent by growing eggs can encourage other eggs to grow; while biophotonic communications sent by mature eggs discourage other eggs from growing …

Link: “MIT Technology Review: Biophoton Communication: Can Cells Talk Using Light?” by Emerging Technology from the arXiv, 22 May 2012 … https://www.technologyreview.com/s/427982/biophoton-communication-can-cells-talk-using-light/ ..

Paramecia are one-celled organisms, as are eggs. What are these paramecia telling the dividing paramecium, I wonder?

Is this some kind of photon-burst Morse code or semaphor, I wonder? What part of the talked-to paramecium would receive that message?

Could it be that the paramecia are like the bacteria, which see their race as “a great Light upon the Earth”? Could it be that cells are naturally EMF-sensitive?

Could the cell membrane … the pellicle, in the case of the paramecium … have an electrical feature, similar to the slightly negative charge that exists on the inside of human body cells?

Might the biophotonic transmission from other paramecia momentarily change the charge inside the recipient paramecium? How might that, then affect the dividing of the DNA?

In love, light and joy,
I Am of the Stars
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microbiology, biology, microbes, bacteria, midwifery, electromagnetic sensitivity, EMF sensitivity, electric charge of cells, body cells, onion cells, eggs, paramecia, asexual fission, mitosis, cell reproduction, commensals, endosymbionts, interspecies communication, language of light,

The World View of Paramecia . by Alice B. Clagett

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Written and published on 15 September 2017

  • VIDEO BY ALICE
  • SUMMARY OF THE VIDEO
    • About the Paramecia
      • Sidebar: Paramecia – Lions of the Microbial Savannah – Sharks of the Microbial Seas
    • On the World View of Paramecia
  • TREE OF LIFE:  THE GREAT SCHISM OF SPECIES LINES
  • WHY THE SCHISM?
  • ORIGINS OF LIFE ON EARTH

Dear Ones,

This video is about the world view of paramecia. There is an edited Summary after the video …

VIDEO BY ALICE

SUMMARY OF THE VIDEO

Hello, Dear Ones, It’s Alice. I Am of the Stars.

About the Paramecia

And now I have just a small amount of channeling from the paramecia. (Singular is ‘paramecium’.)

These microbes live in bodies of warm, stagnant water. They are the sharks of the microbial world, much larger than the yeasts and the bacteria. In fact, paramecia are voracious predators of both yeasts and bacteria; they are the lions of the microbial savannah. Or to put it more aptly, they are the sharks of the microbial seas.

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Sidebar: Paramecia – Lions of the Microbial Savannah – Sharks of the Microbial Seas

  • Paramecia are 50 to 330 µm or ‘micrometers’ in length. (A micrometer is a millionth of a meter.) They are the lions of the microbial savannah, the voracious sharks of the microbial seas.
  • Yeasts are 3 to 40 µm in length. That would mean that some yeasts are 15 times smaller than the smallest paramecia, and most yeasts are at least a little smaller than a paramecium. Also, they may be much slower moving, and more limited in strategic tactics than paramecia.
  • Bacteria are 0.2 to 10 µm in length. That would mean that paramecia are at least five times longer than bacteria, and often much larger than that.

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On the clairaudient plane, they sound kind of rough, and gruff, and ragged-edged. Their voices are not mellifluous.

On the World View of Paramecia

I asked them: Do you have any fun?

And they said: No, we don’t! … And then I was trying to think of what to say next.

And so I said: What do you do?

And they said, in a low, threatening tone of voice: We warn you not to copulate.  [x2]

And I wondered: What are they doing to these micro-organisms while they’re copulating?

And they said: Balancing act on that one!

… That is a term that I have heard quite frequently in the collective subconscious: Balancing act on that one!  …  And so I thought and thought about it, while I was swimming.

And it occurred to me that this might mean that they are balancing the population of other species by preying upon them … eating them.

I was thinking about that, and I thought: Gosh, they’re sort of like cannibals.

And they said: No, we’re kind of like exo-eaters … or something like that. It was really very interesting. They pick up that prefix exo … as in exobiology … I guess, and then said they are ‘exo-eaters’.

Do they feel the microbes they are eating are from other planets? For instance, the bacteria are from Mars. They would qualify as exo. 

What about the yeasts? According to Wikipedia, “The first yeast originated hundreds of millions of years ago….” –from Link: “Yeast,” in Wikipedia … https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast … WP:CC BY-SA ..

Yes but, where did they come from?

TREE OF LIFE:  THE GREAT SCHISM OF SPECIES LINES

From the below Tree of Life, it appears there was, long ago, a giant, possibly unexplained schism in a very different subset of species, including Protozoa, algae, slime molds, plants, animals, and fungi, of which yeasts are a member …

Image: “A highly resolved Tree of Life, based on completely sequenced genomes [1]. The image was generated using iTOL: Interactive Tree Of Life [2], an online phylogenetic tree viewer and Tree Of Life resource. Eukaryotes are colored red, archaea green and bacteria blue. PNG image traced by hand to produce SVG version … [1] Citation: Ciccarelli, FD (2006). “Toward automatic reconstruction of a highly resolved tree of life.” (Pubmed). Science 311(5765): 1283-7 … [2] Citation: Letunic, I (2007). “Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL): an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation.”. Bioinformatics 23(1): 127-8.” — This work has been released into the public domain by its author, User A1 at the English Wikipedia project.

Image: “A highly resolved Tree of Life, based on completely sequenced genomes [1]. The image was generated using iTOL: Interactive Tree Of Life [2], an online phylogenetic tree viewer and Tree Of Life resource. Eukaryotes are colored red, archaea green and bacteria blue. PNG image traced by hand to produce SVG version … 

[1] Citation: Ciccarelli, FD (2006). “Toward automatic reconstruction of a highly resolved tree of life.” (Pubmed). Science 311(5765): 1283-7 … 

[2] Citation: Letunic, I (2007). “Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL): an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation.”. Bioinformatics 23(1): 127-8.” — This work has been released into the public domain by its author, User A1 at the English Wikipedia project. 

WHY THE SCHISM?

The big question is: Why the schism? Has this anything to do with the Late Heavy Bombardment? …

Link: “Late Heavy Bombardment,” in Wikipedia …  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Heavy_Bombardment ..

If so, would the changeup have to do with heavy cosmic ray bombardment, causing radical gene shifts in pre-existing life?

Might some of the pre-existing life have been in some way protected from the cosmic ray bombardment, possibly by being deep underground, or deep in the oceans of Earth?

Might these survivors of the old gene lines … for instance, the Martian bacterial colonists of Earth …  have then carried on after the bombardment, finding adventitious homes in the multicelled beings that began to manifest through the new, and very different, second gene line?

ORIGINS OF LIFE ON EARTH

If so, then most 3D life on Earth might be seen to have originated on Mars.

Of course, through the occult lore there is a belief that some forms of 3D and 4D life on Earth arrived from other planets … such as Maldek [now the asteroid belt) and Venus … or in the case of 4D life, even from other constellations, such as Orion.

In the 3D realm, I do not see a case for yeasts and bacteria, the prey of paramecia, being exo to paramecia, unless paramecia are exo to Earth and also exo to Mars. Maybe more will be known about this later.

…

I hope there will be more channeled on them later, because that was hardly anything.

In love, light and joy,
I Am of the Stars

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MORE INFORMATION

Link: “Speciation,” in Wikipedia … https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation ..

Link: “Timeline of the Evolutionary History of Life,” in Wikipedia … https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_evolutionary_history_of_life ..

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paramecium, paramecia, microbes, microbiology, speciation, evolutionary history, origin of life, commensals, endosymbionts, predator-prey, victim-aggressor, bacteria, yeasts, life on earth, origins of life on earth,

Two Paramecia Free a Third Paramecium from Its ‘Didinium’ Predator . by Alice B. Clagett

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Written and published on 15 September 2017
Previous title: 2 Paramecia Free a Third Paramecium from Its ‘Didinium’ Predator

  • LASSOS OR GRAPPLING ROPES OF THE DIDINIUM
  • COUNTERCLOCKWISE AND THEN CLOCKWISE LASSOING TECHNIQUE
  • VIDEO: DIDINIUM EATS PARAMECIUM
  • COULD THE NOSE OR ‘PROBOSCIS’ OF THE DIDINIUM BE A BORING INSTRUMENT, WHICH MAY HAVE AT ITS END THE GRAPPLING ROPES?
  • TWO PARAMECIA HELP A SMALLER PARAMECIUM ESCAPE FROM DIDINIUM
    • Is the Didinium Mortally Wounded?
  • IS SIZE RELEVANT TO THIS HELPER INTERACTION? DOES PARAMECIUM HAVE A MATERNAL INSTINCT?
    • Positing That Didinium Expels a Numbing or Paralyzing Agent

Dear Ones,

I just viewed this very interesting video, which appears to show two paramecia freeing a third paramecium from its Didinium predator.

LASSOS OR GRAPPLING ROPES OF THE DIDINIUM

To begin the process of capturing and ingesting a paramecium, the Didinium lassos the paramecium with thin threads, which can be seen at 10 o’clock in this image …

Image: “Didinium Ingesting Paramecium,” a photograph by Greg Antipa which was uploaded on 15 July 2014 … https://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large-5/didinium-ingesting-paramecium-biophoto-associates.jpg .. 

See how thin the connecting threads are, and how the proceed from the funnel-shaped proboscis of the Didinium and fan out in an umbrella pattern to attach to the paramecium?

COUNTERCLOCKWISE AND THEN CLOCKWISE LASSOING TECHNIQUE

In the video below … at 6.53 – 7.03 … I note how the Didinium uses a counterclockwise rotational looping of the lasso 4 times round one end of the paramecium, and then a clockwise rotational looping of the lasso 4 times round the same end of the paramecium to capture it.

Then at 7.22 – 7.39 a Didinium uses a greater number of counterclockwise and clockwise loops to lasso its prey …

VIDEO: DIDINIUM EATS PARAMECIUM

Here is the video …

Video: “Didinium eats paramecium,” by mantismundi, 3 December 2011 … https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZ7wv2LhynM&index=2&list=PLwMH6wNUj41-hbwUtotYsGu39wdHMSKkD ..

COULD THE NOSE OR ‘PROBOSCIS’ OF THE DIDINIUM BE A BORING INSTRUMENT, WHICH MAY HAVE AT ITS END THE GRAPPLING ROPES?

I saw an image of the Didinium’s nose or ‘proboscis’ that made it look more like a boring instrument or funnel …

Image: “Didinium” … https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/705/flashcards/2624705/jpg/didinium1361747805642-thumb400.jpg ..

This looks like the image I saw in the above video … from 4.14 – 4.59  … There it looks like the Didinium is boring into the paramecium. Bored off fragments of the skin or ‘pellicle’ of the paramecium can be seen floating away.

At 4.59 – 5.12 on the video, for instance, it looks as though the Didinium may have bored a hole into the paramecium’s pellicle, and that the paramecium then ceases moving.

Is the Didinium’s proboscis, then, a boring instrument and funnel, and is it boring a hole in the pellicle and injecting a numbing agent into the side of the paramecium?

The place on the Didinium where the connector threads or grappling hooks issue from its proboscis is relatively fragile and small in circumference. That makes it susceptible to being broken through, as may be seen below.

TWO PARAMECIA HELP A SMALLER PARAMECIUM ESCAPE FROM DIDINIUM

In the video above … at 5.15 – 5.30 … two paramecia approach the third paramecium that has been lassoed by the Didinium.

One of the paramecia then creates a rotational wave through its action at 8 o’clock to the captured paramecium. This makes the Didinium spin around, weakening the place where the proboscis attaches to the connecting threads or grappling hooks.

Then the helper paramecium approaches from 1 o’clock, and through its movement creates a sharp wave front that snaps the connecting threads.

The second helper paramecium nudges the freed captive away, apparently so that it will be out of danger.

Is the Didinium Mortally Wounded? I note how the Didinium balls up and ceases moving. Is it startled and contracting because of danger? Or is it mortally wounded because the connector threads or grappling hooks have been broken off from its proboscis?

IS SIZE RELEVANT TO THIS HELPER INTERACTION? DOES PARAMECIUM HAVE A MATERNAL INSTINCT?

Note that the freed paramecium is smaller than the two helper paramecia. Might this be relevant to their reaction?

At 2.22 – 2.34 on the video, for instance, there is a Didinium ingesting a paramecium, and two other, larger paramecia approach and investigate. so this supports the notion that size matters, and that the small size of one paramecium may trigger a maternal or protective instinct in larger paramecia.

However, in the action at 2.22 – 2.34 on the video, the larger paramecia give up and go away. Possibly though, it could be that once the process of ingestion starts, there is no way to free the captive.

Positing That Didinium Expels a Numbing or Paralyzing Agent. As a normal paramecium might speed up to quickly avoid the Didinium, one might posit the Didinium may produce a numbing or paralyzing agent, that the second helper paramecium tries to counteract in nudging the ex-captive to safety.

At 3.40 – 4.14 on the video, for instance, I note a Didinium has lassoed a paramecium, which is struggling but feebly. Is it just tired out, or has it been numbed or paralyzed?

Then a larger paramecium swims up in a lively way; clearly it is not numbed or anesthetized. One wonders whether it had intention to help free the captive, but this is not possible to discover on the video, as the clip ends.

In love, light and joy,
I Am of the Stars
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microbiology, Didinium, paramecium, microbes, helper instinct, maternal drive in paramecium, interspecies communication, biology, commensals, endosymbionts, victim-aggressor, predator-prey,